1.1 Population dynamics: Describe and suggest reasons for population increase and decrease.

1.2 Migration: Identify and explain push and pull factors of migration.

1.3 Population structure: Interpret population pyramids.

1.4 Population density and distribution: Explain causes and effects of overpopulation and underpopulation.

1.5 Settlements (rural and urban) and service provision: Describe patterns and functions of settlements.

1.6 Urban settlements: Identify and describe land use zones in urban areas.

1.7 Urbanisation: Explain causes and consequences of urbanisation.

2.1 Earthquakes and volcanoes: Describe causes, effects and responses to tectonic hazards.

2.2 Rivers: Explain processes and landforms associated with river erosion and deposition.

2.3 Coasts: Describe coastal processes, landforms and management strategies.

2.4 Weather: Interpret weather data and identify instruments and their uses.

2.5 Climate and natural vegetation: Identify characteristics of equatorial and hot desert climates and vegetation.

2.6 Climate change: Describe the causes and effects of global climate change.

3.1 Development: Define and measure development using indicators.

3.2 Food production: Describe agricultural systems and factors influencing output.

3.3 Industry: Explain types of industry and factors influencing industrial location.

3.4 Tourism: Evaluate the impacts of tourism and strategies for sustainable development.

3.5 Energy: Describe different sources and factors affecting energy supply and demand.

3.6 Water: Identify supply issues and sustainable management of water resources.

3.7 Environmental risks of economic development: Describe impacts and management of resource exploitation.

4.1 Geographical skills: Interpret maps, photographs, satellite images and graphs.

4.2 Fieldwork: Plan, carry out and evaluate geographical investigations.