IGCSE Global Perspectives 0457 - Research, Analysis and Evaluation

Objective: Analyse and evaluate sources and/or processes to support research, arguments and perspectives

This section focuses on developing your ability to critically examine information and methods used in research. It's crucial for constructing strong arguments and understanding different viewpoints. You will learn to assess the reliability, relevance, and limitations of various sources and research processes.

1. Types of Sources

Understanding the different types of sources is fundamental to effective research. Each type has its strengths and weaknesses.

• Primary Sources: Original materials created during the time period being studied. Examples include:
• Diaries and letters
• Official documents (e.g., treaties, laws)
• Photographs and films
• Artefacts
• Interviews
• Secondary Sources: Interpretations or analyses of primary sources. Examples include:
• Textbooks
• Academic journals
• Biographies
• Documentaries
• News reports (can be primary or secondary depending on the reporting)
• Tertiary Sources: Summaries of secondary sources. Examples include:
• Encyclopaedias
• Dictionaries
• Bibliographies

2. Evaluating Sources

Not all sources are created equal. You need to critically evaluate them using criteria such as:

• Reliability: How trustworthy is the source? Consider the author's expertise, the publisher's reputation, and whether the information is supported by evidence.
• Relevance: How closely does the source relate to your research question? Is the information pertinent to your argument?
• Accuracy: Is the information factually correct? Are there any errors or biases?
• Currency: How up-to-date is the source? Is the information still relevant today?
• Bias: Does the source present a particular viewpoint or agenda? How might this influence the information presented?

Criteria	Questions to Ask
Reliability	Who created the source? What are their credentials? Is the publisher reputable?
Relevance	Does the source directly address my research question?
Accuracy	Is the information supported by evidence? Are there any contradictions?
Currency	When was the source created? Is the information still current?
Bias	Does the source present a particular viewpoint? How might this influence the information?

3. Research Processes

The way you conduct your research can significantly impact the quality of your findings.

1. Define your research question: A clear research question guides your research and helps you focus your efforts.
2. Identify relevant sources: Use a variety of search methods (e.g., library databases, online search engines) to find appropriate sources.
3. Collect and organise information: Take detailed notes and keep track of your sources.
4. Analyse information: Identify key themes, patterns, and relationships in your research.
5. Synthesise information: Combine information from different sources to develop a coherent understanding of your topic.
6. Evaluate your findings: Assess the strengths and weaknesses of your research and consider any limitations.

4. Evaluating Processes

It's not enough to just find information; you need to evaluate the research processes themselves.

• Methodology: What methods were used to gather information (e.g., surveys, experiments, interviews)? Are these methods appropriate for the research question?
• Sample size: If a sample was used, is it representative of the population being studied?
• Data analysis: How was the data analysed? Are the methods valid and reliable?
• Potential limitations: What are the potential limitations of the research process?

5. Supporting Arguments and Perspectives

Effective arguments and perspectives are supported by strong evidence and critical analysis. This involves:

• Presenting evidence: Use relevant information from your research to support your claims.
• Explaining the significance of evidence: Don't just present evidence; explain why it is important and how it supports your argument.
• Considering different perspectives: Acknowledge and evaluate alternative viewpoints.
• Drawing conclusions: Summarise your findings and draw logical conclusions based on the evidence.
• Acknowledging limitations: Be aware of the limitations of your research and acknowledge them in your analysis.