Research, Analysis and Evaluation

This section outlines key concepts and strategies for locating, evaluating, and utilizing a range of sources and perspectives in your research for A-Level Global Perspectives & Research (9239). It emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and acknowledging diverse viewpoints.

1. Identifying Appropriate Sources

1.1 Types of Sources

A strong research project draws upon a variety of source types. Consider the following:

• Academic Journals: Peer-reviewed articles offering in-depth analysis and evidence-based findings.
• Books: Providing comprehensive treatments of topics, often with historical context and theoretical frameworks.
• Newspapers and Magazines: Offering current events, diverse opinions, and journalistic investigations.
• Websites: Including government reports, NGO publications, think tank analyses, and reputable online encyclopedias. Be mindful of source credibility.
• Primary Sources: Original materials from the time period or event being studied (e.g., diaries, letters, official documents, artifacts).
• Secondary Sources: Interpretations or analyses of primary sources (e.g., history books, biographies, documentaries).

1.2 Where to Find Sources

Effective research requires knowing where to look. Consider these resources:

• University Libraries: Access to a vast collection of books, journals, and databases.
• Online Databases: JSTOR, Google Scholar, ProQuest, etc. (often accessible through school libraries).
• Government Websites: Official data, reports, and policy documents.
• NGO Websites: Reports and publications from non-governmental organizations.
• Think Tank Websites: Analyses and policy recommendations from research institutions.

1.3 Evaluating Source Credibility

Not all sources are created equal. Use the CRAAP test (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose) to assess credibility:

Criteria	Questions to Ask
Currency	When was the information published or last updated? Is the information current enough for your needs?
Relevance	Does the information relate to your topic? Who is the intended audience?
Authority	Who is the author/publisher? What are their credentials? Are they experts in the field?
Accuracy	Is the information supported by evidence? Can you verify the information in other sources? Is the writing free of errors?
Purpose	Why was the information created? Is the source trying to persuade, inform, or entertain? Is there any bias?

2. Locating Diverse Perspectives

2.1 Identifying Different Viewpoints

A robust research project acknowledges multiple perspectives. Consider:

• Historical Perspectives: How has the issue been viewed differently throughout history?
• Cultural Perspectives: How do different cultures understand and respond to the issue?
• Economic Perspectives: How does the issue impact different economic groups?
• Political Perspectives: How do different political ideologies frame the issue?
• Ethical Perspectives: What are the ethical implications of different viewpoints?

2.2 Strategies for Finding Diverse Perspectives

Actively seek out viewpoints that differ from your own or the dominant narrative. Consider:

• Consulting a range of sources: Don't rely solely on sources that confirm your existing beliefs.
• Seeking out marginalized voices: Look for perspectives from groups that are often excluded from mainstream discourse.
• Analyzing the language used: Pay attention to the words and phrases used to describe the issue – are they neutral or loaded?
• Considering the author's background: How might the author's experiences and affiliations shape their perspective?

2.3 Acknowledging Bias

Recognize that all sources have a degree of bias. Bias doesn't necessarily invalidate a source, but it's important to be aware of it and to consider how it might shape the information presented.

Examples of bias include:

• Confirmation Bias: Seeking out information that confirms pre-existing beliefs.
• Selection Bias: Presenting only information that supports a particular viewpoint.
• Framing Bias: Presenting information in a way that influences how it is interpreted.

3. Analyzing and Evaluating Information

3.1 Critical Analysis Techniques

Don't simply summarize information – analyze it. Consider using techniques such as:

• Identifying assumptions: What underlying beliefs or values are being taken for granted?
• Examining evidence: Is the evidence strong and reliable?
• Recognizing logical fallacies: Are there any flaws in the reasoning?
• Comparing and contrasting different perspectives: Where do they agree and disagree?

3.2 Synthesizing Information

Combine information from multiple sources to create a coherent and nuanced understanding of the issue. This involves:

• Identifying patterns and themes: What are the recurring ideas or arguments?
• Resolving contradictions: How can conflicting viewpoints be reconciled?
• Developing your own informed opinion: Based on the evidence you have gathered, what is your assessment of the issue?

3.3 Presenting Your Research

Clearly and effectively communicate your findings, acknowledging the sources you have used and the perspectives you have considered. Proper citation is essential to avoid plagiarism.