Given:

• Mass (m) = 7 kg
• Velocity (v) = 3 m/s

Calculation:

p = m v

p = 7 kg × 3 m/s

p = 21 kg m/s

Answer: The momentum of the bowling ball is 21 kg m/s.

Solution:

We apply the conservation of momentum. The initial momentum is due to the ball only. The final momentum is due to the ball and the target combined.

Initial momentum (p_i) = m_ball * v_ball = 0.5 kg * 2.0 m/s = 1.0 kg m/s (to the left)

Final momentum (p_f) = (m_ball + m_target) * v_target = (0.5 kg + 1.5 kg) * v_target = 2.0 kg * v_target

Since momentum is conserved, p_i = p_f. Therefore:

1.0 kg m/s = 2.0 kg * v_target

v_target = 1.0 kg m/s / 2.0 kg = 0.5 m/s (to the right)

Therefore, the velocity of the target immediately after the collision is 0.5 m/s to the right.

Car 1:

• Mass (m₁) = 1500 kg
• Velocity (v₁) = 20 m/s
• Momentum (p₁) = m₁ v₁ = 1500 kg × 20 m/s = 30000 kg m/s

Car 2:

• Mass (m₂) = 2500 kg
• Velocity (v₂) = 10 m/s
• Momentum (p₂) = m₂ v₂ = 2500 kg × 10 m/s = 25000 kg m/s

Relative Momentum: The relative momentum of the first car with respect to the second car is the difference in their momenta: p₁ - p₂.

Calculation:

Relative Momentum = 30000 kg m/s - 25000 kg m/s = 5000 kg m/s

Answer: The relative momentum of the first car with respect to the second car is 5000 kg m/s. The first car has the greater momentum.