Political and social factors can impose significant restrictions on travel. Visa restrictions imposed by governments are a primary political barrier. These can be based on nationality, political affiliations, or security concerns. Border closures, often implemented during times of conflict or political instability, directly prevent travel. Political instability within a country can also deter tourists and discourage travel to the region. International sanctions can limit travel to or from specific countries, impacting both tourism and personal travel. Social prejudices and discrimination based on race, religion, or other factors can create barriers to travel. This can manifest as discriminatory practices in immigration procedures or social attitudes that make certain groups feel unwelcome. Cultural differences and misunderstandings can also act as social barriers, leading to discomfort or even hostility for travellers. Travel advisories issued by governments based on political or security concerns can discourage travel to certain destinations. Restrictions on freedom of movement within a country, often related to political control, can also limit travel options. The impact of these barriers is often unevenly distributed, affecting vulnerable populations disproportionately.

Environmental factors are increasingly acting as barriers to travel, posing significant challenges to both the feasibility and desirability of certain journeys. Climate change is a major concern. Rising sea levels can threaten coastal destinations, making them less accessible or even uninhabitable. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts, can disrupt travel plans and make certain areas unsafe. Environmental degradation, including deforestation and desertification, can reduce the attractiveness of destinations and limit access to resources needed for travel. Pollution, particularly air and water pollution, can make destinations unpleasant or even harmful to visit. Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes can cause widespread disruption and prevent travel. Conservation efforts, while beneficial for the environment, can sometimes restrict access to certain areas, such as national parks or wildlife reserves. The increasing awareness of environmental impact of travel, such as carbon emissions from flights, is leading to a shift in travel preferences and potentially discouraging certain types of travel. The decline in biodiversity can also impact tourism, as the loss of iconic species or ecosystems reduces the appeal of destinations. These environmental barriers are not uniform; they affect different types of travel differently. For example, coastal tourism is particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise, while mountain tourism may be affected by glacial melt and changes in snow patterns. The increasing severity and frequency of these environmental challenges are making travel planning more complex and uncertain.

Economic factors significantly impact an individual's or group's ability to travel. The cost of travel, including transportation, accommodation, and activities, can be prohibitive for those with limited financial resources. Affordability is a key consideration. For example, long-distance flights can be expensive, making them inaccessible to low-income families or individuals. Visa requirements often involve financial proof, such as demonstrating sufficient funds to support a trip, creating a barrier for those who lack financial stability. Economic disparities between countries also play a role; individuals from developing nations may find it difficult to travel to wealthier countries due to the higher cost of living and travel expenses. Currency exchange rates can also make travel more expensive. Economic downturns can lead to reduced travel budgets for both individuals and government-funded tourism initiatives. Furthermore, the availability of affordable travel options like budget airlines or hostels can be limited in certain regions, further restricting travel opportunities. The impact is not uniform; certain demographics, such as students, pensioners, and those with disabilities, may face disproportionate barriers.