Cloud bursting is a deployment model where an application runs primarily in a private cloud or on-premises data centre, but "bursts" into a public cloud when demand spikes. This allows organisations to handle peak workloads without over-provisioning their private infrastructure.

Scenario: An e-commerce website experiences a significant increase in traffic during a major sales event (e.g., Black Friday). The website's on-premises servers might not be able to handle the sudden surge in requests, leading to slow performance or even downtime. Cloud bursting allows the website to automatically scale out to the public cloud (e.g., AWS, Azure, GCP) to accommodate the increased traffic.

Potential Challenges:

• Latency: Data transfer between the private and public cloud can introduce latency.
• Security: Ensuring consistent security policies across both environments is crucial.
• Complexity: Implementing and managing cloud bursting requires careful planning and automation.
• Cost Management: Monitoring and controlling costs in the public cloud is essential to avoid unexpected expenses.

Bus Topology: In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single cable (the "bus"). Data transmitted on the bus is received by all devices.

• Advantages: Simple to install and relatively inexpensive due to the minimal cabling required.
• Disadvantages: A break in the bus cable can disable the entire network. Difficult to troubleshoot. Performance degrades with increasing number of devices due to collisions. Security is a concern as all devices see all transmissions.

Star Topology: In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub or switch. All communication passes through the central device.

• Advantages: Easy to install and manage. A failure of one device does not affect the rest of the network. Easy to troubleshoot. Scalable.
• Disadvantages: Relies on the central hub/switch; if this fails, the entire network fails. More expensive than a bus topology due to the cost of the central device.

Mesh Topology: In a mesh topology, each device is connected to multiple other devices. There are two main types: fully connected (every device connected to every other) and partially connected (devices connected to some, but not all, others).

• Advantages: Highly reliable; multiple paths for data transmission. Excellent fault tolerance. Good bandwidth.
• Disadvantages: Very expensive due to the large amount of cabling required. Complex to install and manage.

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks. It's the underlying infrastructure – the physical and logical connections that allow devices to communicate with each other. It relies on a suite of protocols, most notably TCP/IP, to facilitate data transmission. Think of it as the roads and highways that connect different cities.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. It's an application that runs *on top of* the Internet. The WWW uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to transfer data, primarily HTML documents, images, and other resources. Key components of the WWW include web browsers (like Chrome, Firefox, Safari) and web servers. It's like the cars, trucks, and buses that travel on those roads – the actual content and services we access.

In essence, the Internet provides the infrastructure, while the WWW provides a way to access and share information using that infrastructure. You can have the Internet without the WWW (e.g., file sharing using FTP), but you cannot have the WWW without the Internet.