Answer 2: I would design a modular, adjustable workbench system. This system could be adapted for children, adults, and the elderly by modifying its components and configuration.

Design Considerations:

• Adjustable Height: The workbench would feature a telescoping leg system allowing for height adjustment from approximately 60cm (suitable for children) to 90cm (suitable for adults) and potentially even lower for elderly users who prefer to work seated.
• Ergonomic Features:

  • Angled Work Surface: A slightly angled work surface would reduce strain on the wrists and back for all users.
  • Tool Holders: Modular tool holders could be positioned at various heights and angles to accommodate different tool sizes and user preferences.
  • Integrated Lighting: Adjustable LED lighting would provide optimal visibility for all age groups.

• Safety Features:

  • Rounded Edges: All edges would be rounded to prevent injuries.
  • Stable Base: A wide, stable base would prevent tipping.
  • Locking Mechanisms: Locking mechanisms would secure adjustable components to prevent accidental changes.

• Ease of Use:

  • Simple Assembly: The workbench would be designed for easy assembly with clear instructions.
  • Modular Design: The modular design allows users to customize the workbench to their specific needs.
  • Durable Materials: The workbench would be constructed from durable, easy-to-clean materials.

Table - Modular Components:

Component	Description
Leg Section	Telescoping sections for height adjustment.
Work Surface	Adjustable angle and size.
Tool Holder	Various sizes and positions.
Lighting Unit	Adjustable LED light.

This modular design allows the workbench to be adapted to suit the physical capabilities and preferences of users of all ages.

Answer 3: Smart home devices, while offering convenience, can present significant barriers for individuals with neurodiverse conditions. Careful design is crucial to avoid exacerbating sensory sensitivities, cognitive overload, and executive function challenges.

• Sensory Overload:

  • Excessive Notifications: Constant notifications (visual, auditory, haptic) can be overwhelming. Users should have granular control over notification types and frequency.
  • Bright, Flashing Lights: Avoid excessive or rapidly flashing lights, which can trigger sensory sensitivities.
  • Loud or Unexpected Sounds: Sounds should be subtle and predictable. Avoid sudden, loud noises.

• Cognitive Overload:

  • Complex Menus & Interfaces: Simplify interfaces with clear, uncluttered layouts and minimal text. Use visual cues and icons.
  • Multiple Steps to Complete Tasks: Reduce the number of steps required to complete tasks. Provide shortcuts and automation options.
  • Ambiguous Language: Use clear, concise language. Avoid jargon and idioms.

• Executive Function Challenges:

  • Reminders & Schedules: Provide customizable reminders and schedules to help with organization and time management.
  • Predictable Routines: Design the device to support predictable routines and workflows.
  • Error Prevention: Implement features to prevent errors, such as confirmation prompts and undo options.

• Design Features to Alleviate Challenges:

  • Customizable Interfaces: Allow users to customize the interface to suit their individual needs (e.g., adjust font size, color contrast, and layout).
  • Voice Control: Voice control can reduce the need for visual scanning and complex interactions.
  • Simplified Settings: Provide simplified settings options with clear explanations.
  • Visual Schedules: Integrate visual schedules to help with task completion.

• Importance of User Research: Conducting user research with individuals from the neurodiverse community is essential. This includes:

  • Usability Testing: Test the device with users to identify potential barriers and areas for improvement.
  • Interviews: Conduct interviews to understand users' specific needs and preferences.
  • Focus Groups: Gather feedback from groups of users to identify common challenges and solutions.

By incorporating user research and carefully considering the needs of neurodiverse users, designers can create smart home devices that are truly inclusive and beneficial for everyone.

Answer 1: Applying universal design to kitchen scales requires considering a broad spectrum of user needs. Here's a breakdown of how I would approach this:

• Physical Design:

  • Large, High-Contrast Display: A clear, easily readable display with adjustable brightness and contrast is crucial for visually impaired users.
  • Tactile Buttons/Controls: Buttons should be large, well-spaced, and have distinct tactile differences to allow for easy identification without sight. Consider raised symbols or text.
  • Easy-to-Clean Surface: A smooth, easy-to-clean surface is beneficial for all users, particularly those with dexterity issues.
  • Stable Base: A wide, stable base prevents accidental tipping, especially important for users with physical support needs.
  • Large, Easy-Grip Platform: The weighing platform should be large enough to accommodate various sized ingredients and have a non-slip surface.

• User Interface (UI):

  • Simple, Intuitive Controls: Minimize the number of buttons and functions. Use clear, universally understood icons.
  • Auditory Feedback: Provide audible cues for actions like taring, unit selection, and weight measurement. Adjustable volume is important.
  • Voice Control: Consider incorporating voice control functionality for users with limited dexterity or visual impairments.
  • Adjustable Units: Allow users to easily switch between metric and imperial units.

• Accessibility Features:

  • Adjustable Height: A mechanism to adjust the height of the scales could benefit users who are seated or have limited reach.
  • Bluetooth Connectivity: Bluetooth connectivity allows the scales to connect to a smartphone app for weight logging and data analysis, which can be helpful for users with specific dietary needs.
  • Customizable Settings: Allow users to customize settings such as display brightness, volume, and unit preferences.

Example: A button for 'Tare' could be a large, red, raised button with a clear 'T' symbol. The display could use a high-contrast font and adjustable brightness. Audible beeps could confirm actions.