1. Core Content Option A – The 19th century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914 - 1.1 Were the Revolutions of 1848 important?

1. Core Content Option A – The 19th century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914 - 1.2 How was Italy unified?

1. Core Content Option A – The 19th century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914 - 1.3 How was Germany unified?

1. Core Content Option A – The 19th century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914 - 1.4 Why was there a civil war in the United States and what were its results?

1. Core Content Option A – The 19th century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914 - 1.5 Why, and with what effects, did Europeans expand their overseas empires in the nineteenth century?

1. Core Content Option A – The 19th century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914 - 1.6 What caused the First World War?

2. Core Content Option B – The 20th century: international relations since 1919 - 2.1 Were the peace treaties of 1919–23 fair?

2. Core Content Option B – The 20th century: international relations since 1919 - 2.2 To what extent was the League of Nations a success?

2. Core Content Option B – The 20th century: international relations since 1919 - 2.3 Why had international peace collapsed by 1939?

2. Core Content Option B – The 20th century: international relations since 1919 - 2.4 Who was to blame for the Cold War?

2. Core Content Option B – The 20th century: international relations since 1919 - 2.5 How effectively did the United States contain the spread of Communism?

2. Core Content Option B – The 20th century: international relations since 1919 - 2.6 How secure was the USSR’s control over Eastern Europe, 1948–c.1989?

2. Core Content Option B – The 20th century: international relations since 1919 - 2.7 Why did events in the Gulf matter, c.1970–2000?

3. Depth Studies - 3.1 The First World War, 1914–18

3. Depth Studies - 3.2 Germany, 1918–45

3. Depth Studies - 3.3 Russia, 1905–41

3. Depth Studies - 3.4 The United States, 1919–41

3. Depth Studies - 3.5 China, c.1930–c.1990

3. Depth Studies - 3.6 South Africa, c.1940–c.1994

4. Historical skills - Demonstrate an ability to recall, select, use and communicate knowledge and understanding of history.

4. Historical skills - Demonstrate an ability to analyse and evaluate historical sources to show knowledge and understanding of history.

4. Historical skills - Demonstrate an understanding of the complexity of historical concepts including cause and consequence, change and continuity, similarity and difference.

4. Historical skills - Develop skills of analysis, evaluation and communication relevant to the interpretation of history.