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Information Communication Technology ICT
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1.
A student has cropped an image but wants to improve its quality. List three common image editing techniques that can be applied after cropping to enhance the appearance of the image. Briefly explain how each technique works.
Three common image editing techniques that can be applied after cropping to enhance the image's appearance are:
- Brightness/Contrast Adjustment: This technique allows the student to adjust the overall lightness (brightness) and the difference between light and dark areas (contrast) of the image. Increasing brightness makes the image lighter, while decreasing it makes it darker. Increasing contrast makes the difference between light and dark areas more pronounced.
- Colour Correction: This involves adjusting the colours in the image to make them more accurate or visually appealing. This can include adjusting the saturation (intensity of colour), hue (the actual colour), and white balance (making colours appear natural).
- Sharpening: This technique enhances the edges and details in the image, making it appear clearer and more defined. It works by increasing the contrast along edges. However, excessive sharpening can introduce unwanted artifacts.
2.
A user is using an image editing program to rotate an image. They notice that the image appears distorted after the rotation. List three possible reasons why this distortion might occur and suggest a solution for each.
Image distortion after rotation can occur for several reasons. Here are three possibilities and their solutions:
| Reason 1: Incorrect Rotation Centre | If the rotation center is not the image's center, the image will appear skewed or distorted. |
| Solution: Ensure the rotation center is set to the image's center. Most image editing software provides an option to specify the rotation center. |
| Reason 2: Insufficient Canvas Size | If the image's canvas is too small to accommodate the rotated image, parts of the image may be clipped or distorted. |
| Solution: Increase the canvas size of the image before rotating it. This can be done in the image editing software's 'Canvas' or 'Image Size' options. |
| Reason 3: Incorrect Rotation Method | Using an inappropriate rotation method (e.g., a method that doesn't preserve aspect ratio) can lead to distortion. |
| Solution: Use the standard rotation tool provided by the image editing software, which typically preserves the image's aspect ratio. |
3.
A student is editing a photograph taken in low light conditions. The image appears too dark. Describe two methods a student could use in an image editing program to increase the overall brightness of the image. For each method, explain the general effect it has on the image's appearance.
Two methods to increase the brightness of an image are:
- Adjusting the Brightness/Exposure slider: Most image editing software (e.g., Paint, GIMP, Photoshop) has a brightness or exposure slider. Moving this slider to the right increases the overall lightness of the image. This will make darker areas brighter and lighter areas slightly less bright. However, excessive adjustment can lead to a loss of detail in both highlights and shadows.
- Adjusting Levels/Curves: The Levels or Curves tool provides more precise control. By moving the black input slider to the right, the darkest areas become less dark (brighter). Similarly, moving the white input slider to the left makes the lightest areas less bright. Adjusting the mid-tones (grey area) can also influence the overall brightness. Curves allow for more targeted adjustments, allowing for a more nuanced increase in brightness without affecting other tonal ranges as much.