6 ICT applications (3)
Resources |
Revision Questions |
Information Communication Technology ICT
Login to see all questions
Click on a question to view the answer
1.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using Near Field Communication (NFC) for payment using a smartphone. Consider aspects such as security, convenience, and infrastructure requirements.
Advantages of NFC Payments:
- Convenience: NFC payments are quick and easy, requiring only a tap of the smartphone to complete a transaction.
- Security: NFC payments are generally considered secure due to the short range and encryption protocols used. Tokenization further protects card details.
- Speed: Transactions are typically faster than using traditional card readers.
- Hygiene: Reduces physical contact with payment terminals, promoting better hygiene.
Disadvantages of NFC Payments:
- Infrastructure Requirements: Retailers need to have NFC-enabled payment terminals. This requires an initial investment.
- Limited Range: Requires devices to be very close together, which can be inconvenient.
- Security Concerns (Potential): While generally secure, NFC is susceptible to relay attacks if not properly protected. Malicious actors can try to intercept transactions.
- Device Dependence: Users need a smartphone with NFC capability.
Table summarizing advantages and disadvantages:
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Convenience | Infrastructure Requirements |
| Security | Limited Range |
| Speed | Security Concerns (Relay Attacks) |
| Hygiene | Device Dependence |
Overall, the advantages of NFC payments generally outweigh the disadvantages, making it a popular and increasingly adopted payment method. However, ongoing security measures and infrastructure development are crucial for its continued success.
2.
Question 3
Compare and contrast the use of RFID for contactless payment systems with traditional magnetic stripe cards. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each technology in terms of security, speed, and convenience.
Contactless Payment (RFID) vs. Magnetic Stripe Cards:
Contactless Payment (RFID): Uses an RFID chip to transmit payment information wirelessly to a payment terminal. The card is typically tapped near the reader.
Magnetic Stripe Cards: The magnetic stripe on the card is read by a magnetic stripe reader, which captures the payment information.
Comparison Table:
| Feature | Contactless (RFID) | Magnetic Stripe |
| Speed | Faster - quicker transaction times. | Slower - requires swiping. |
| Security | More secure - data is encrypted and difficult to clone. | Less secure - susceptible to skimming. |
| Convenience | More convenient - can be used without physical contact. | Less convenient - requires physical swiping. |
| Durability | Generally more durable - less wear and tear. | Less durable - magnetic stripe can wear down. |
| Range | Shorter range - requires close proximity to the reader. | Longer range - can be read from a greater distance. |
Advantages of RFID for Contactless Payment:
- Speed and Convenience: Faster transactions and easier to use.
- Security: Data encryption and anti-cloning features provide better security.
- Durability: Less prone to wear and tear.
Disadvantages of RFID for Contactless Payment:
- Cost: RFID cards can be more expensive to produce.
- Security Concerns (Eavesdropping): Although encrypted, there are theoretical concerns about eavesdropping on transactions.
Advantages of Magnetic Stripe Cards:
- Compatibility: Widely compatible with existing payment terminals.
- Lower Cost: Generally less expensive to produce.
Disadvantages of Magnetic Stripe Cards:
- Security Risks: Susceptible to skimming and fraud.
- Wear and Tear: Magnetic stripe can wear down over time.
- Slower Transactions: Requires physical swiping.
3.
Question 1
An expert system is a computer program designed to emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert. Describe four different real-world applications of expert systems, explaining the specific purpose of the system in each case. Include examples from the following areas: mineral prospecting, car engine fault diagnosis, and medical diagnosis.
Expert systems are valuable tools for automating complex decision-making processes. Here are four examples:
- Mineral Prospecting: An expert system can analyze geological data (seismic readings, chemical analysis, etc.) to identify potential areas rich in minerals. Its purpose is to reduce the time and cost associated with exploratory drilling by prioritizing locations with the highest probability of mineral deposits. It uses knowledge bases of geological facts and inference engines to make predictions.
- Car Engine Fault Diagnosis: These systems use a knowledge base of engine components, their functions, and common failure modes. By querying the driver about symptoms (e.g., engine noise, warning lights), the system can narrow down the possible faults and suggest potential repairs. The purpose is to assist mechanics in quickly identifying problems and reducing diagnostic time.
- Medical Diagnosis: Expert systems can assist doctors in diagnosing illnesses by analyzing patient symptoms, medical history, and test results. The system uses a knowledge base of medical knowledge and diagnostic rules to suggest possible diagnoses and recommend further tests. The purpose is to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed, especially in complex cases.
- Financial Planning: Expert systems can analyze a person's financial situation (income, expenses, investments, debts) to provide personalized financial advice. The system uses financial models and rules to suggest strategies for saving, investing, and retirement planning. The purpose is to help individuals make informed financial decisions.