IGCSE ICT 0417 - Types and Components of Computer Systems

Objective: Know and understand characteristics of input and output devices

This section explores the fundamental concepts of input and output devices, which are crucial for interacting with computer systems. We will cover their types, functionalities, and key characteristics.

Input Devices

Input devices allow users to enter data and instructions into a computer system. They convert real-world information into a format the computer can understand.

Types of Input Devices

• Keyboard: A primary input device used for typing text and entering commands.
• Mouse: A hand-operated device used for pointing, clicking, and selecting items on the screen.
• Touchscreen: A display screen that allows direct interaction with the computer using touch.
• Microphone: Converts sound waves into electrical signals for recording audio.
• Scanner: Converts printed documents or images into digital format.
• Webcam: Captures images and videos, often used for video conferencing.
• Joystick/Game Controller: Used for controlling movement and actions in games.
• Graphics Tablet: Used with a stylus for drawing and creating digital art.

Characteristics of Input Devices

Characteristic	Description
Speed	The rate at which data can be entered.
Accuracy	The precision of the data entered.
Ease of Use	How simple the device is to operate.
Portability	How easy the device is to carry around.
Cost	The price of the device.

Output Devices

Output devices present processed information from the computer to the user in a comprehensible form.

Types of Output Devices

• Monitor: Displays visual information, such as text, images, and videos.
• Printer: Produces hard copies of documents and images.
• Speakers: Convert electrical signals into audible sound.
• Projector: Displays images and videos onto a larger screen or wall.
• Headphones: Deliver audio directly to the user's ears.
• Plotter: An output device that draws diagrams and illustrations.

Characteristics of Output Devices

Characteristic	Description
Resolution	The level of detail in the output (e.g., pixels on a monitor).
Speed	The rate at which output is produced.
Quality	The clarity and appearance of the output.
Portability	How easy the device is to carry around.
Cost	The price of the device.

Understanding the characteristics of input and output devices is essential for selecting the appropriate tools for specific tasks and optimizing the user experience with computer systems.