ICT 0417 - Networks and the Effects of Using Them

Objective: Know and understand how data is stored, managed and shared using cloud computing.

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services – including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence – over the Internet ("the cloud"). Instead of owning and maintaining physical servers and data centers, users can access these resources from a third-party provider.

Types of Cloud Services

There are three main types of cloud services:

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides access to fundamental computing resources like virtual machines, storage, and networks. Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2 and Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines.
• Platform as a Service (PaaS): Offers a platform for developing, running, and managing applications without the complexity of managing the underlying infrastructure. Examples include Google App Engine and AWS Elastic Beanstalk.
• Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers software applications over the Internet, typically on a subscription basis. Users access the software through a web browser or dedicated app. Examples include Gmail, Salesforce, and Microsoft Office 365.

How Data is Stored in the Cloud

Data in the cloud is typically stored on a network of remote servers housed in data centers around the world. These data centers have multiple layers of security and redundancy to ensure data availability and protection.

Data is often stored in geographically distributed locations to improve performance and resilience. Replication is a common technique used to create multiple copies of data, ensuring that data remains accessible even if one server or data center fails.

Data Management in the Cloud

Cloud providers offer various tools and services for managing data stored in the cloud:

• Data Backup and Recovery: Automated backups are frequently offered, allowing for easy restoration of data in case of loss or corruption.
• Data Versioning: Some services maintain multiple versions of data, allowing users to revert to previous states.
• Data Security: Cloud providers implement security measures like encryption, access controls, and intrusion detection systems.
• Data Analytics: Cloud platforms provide tools for analyzing large datasets, enabling businesses to gain insights from their data.

Data Sharing in the Cloud

Cloud computing facilitates easy data sharing through various methods:

• File Sharing Services: Services like Google Drive, Dropbox, and OneDrive allow users to store and share files with others.
• Collaboration Tools: Platforms like Google Workspace and Microsoft Teams enable real-time collaboration on documents and projects.
• APIs (Application Programming Interfaces): APIs allow applications to access and exchange data with each other over the Internet.
• Secure Sharing Links: Many cloud services provide options to generate secure links for sharing files with specific individuals.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

Using cloud computing offers several advantages:

Advantage	Description
Cost-Effective	Reduces capital expenditure on hardware and IT infrastructure. Pay-as-you-go pricing models.
Scalability	Resources can be easily scaled up or down based on demand.
Accessibility	Data and applications can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection.
Security	Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures.
Disaster Recovery	Data is often replicated across multiple locations, ensuring business continuity in case of a disaster.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

There are also some potential disadvantages:

Disadvantage	Description
Internet Dependency	Requires a reliable internet connection to access data and applications.
Security Risks	Data breaches and security vulnerabilities can occur if security measures are not properly implemented.
Vendor Lock-in	Switching cloud providers can be complex and costly.
Data Privacy Concerns	Concerns about the location and control of data stored by cloud providers.

Examples of Cloud Computing in Use

Cloud computing is used in a wide range of applications:

• Streaming Services: Netflix, Spotify, and YouTube use cloud computing to deliver content to users.
• Online Gaming: Many online games rely on cloud infrastructure for game servers and data storage.
• Business Applications: CRM, ERP, and other business applications are increasingly being deployed in the cloud.
• Data Storage and Backup: Individuals and businesses use cloud services to back up their data.