Resources | Subject Notes | Design and Technology
This section explores how technology-based systems are integral to the processes undertaken by designers, manufacturers, retailers, and consumers in the modern industrial landscape. It examines the tools, techniques, and digital platforms that shape product development, production, distribution, and consumption.
Designers increasingly rely on sophisticated software and digital tools throughout the design process. These systems facilitate ideation, prototyping, analysis, and communication.
CAD software allows designers to create precise 2D and 3D models of products. This enables virtual prototyping, design iteration, and accurate manufacturing specifications.
CAM systems translate CAD designs into instructions for manufacturing equipment, such as CNC machines. This automates the production process and ensures accuracy.
Example: A designer using Fusion 360 can generate G-code for a CNC mill to create a prototype part.
VR and AR technologies provide immersive experiences for designers to visualize and interact with product prototypes before physical production. This allows for early identification of design flaws and improved user experience.
Example: A car designer can use VR to experience the interior of a vehicle before it is built.
Software like finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) allows designers to simulate product performance under various conditions. This helps optimize designs for strength, durability, and efficiency.
Manufacturers utilize a wide range of technologies to optimize production processes, improve efficiency, and ensure quality control.
Robots are increasingly used in manufacturing for repetitive tasks, handling hazardous materials, and performing precision assembly. Automation enhances speed, accuracy, and reduces labor costs.
| Robot Type | Typical Application |
|---|---|
| Articulated Robots | Assembly, welding, painting |
| SCARA Robots | Pick and place operations |
| Delta Robots | High-speed packaging |
IoT sensors and connected devices monitor equipment performance, track inventory, and optimize supply chains. IIoT provides real-time data for predictive maintenance and process improvement.
Example: Sensors on machinery can detect unusual vibrations, indicating a potential failure before it occurs.
3D printing enables rapid prototyping, customized production, and the creation of complex geometries. Different 3D printing technologies (e.g., FDM, SLA, SLS) offer varying material properties and production speeds.
Example: A manufacturer can 3D print custom parts on demand, reducing lead times and inventory costs.
AI and ML algorithms are used for quality inspection, predictive maintenance, and process optimization. They can analyze large datasets to identify patterns and make data-driven decisions.
Example: AI-powered vision systems can automatically detect defects in manufactured products.
Cloud platforms provide scalable computing resources for data storage, analysis, and collaboration across the manufacturing process.
Retailers leverage technology to enhance the customer experience, optimize inventory management, and streamline operations.
Online platforms allow retailers to reach a global customer base, provide detailed product information, and facilitate online transactions.
CRM systems help retailers manage customer interactions, track purchase history, and personalize marketing efforts.
Technology-based systems track inventory levels, predict demand, and automate reordering processes to minimize stockouts and overstocking.
POS systems streamline the checkout process, track sales data, and manage customer loyalty programs.
Retailers use data analytics to understand customer behavior, identify trends, and optimize pricing and promotions.
Consumers interact with technology-based systems throughout the entire product lifecycle, from research and purchase to usage and feedback.
Consumers rely on online platforms for product research, reviews, and price comparisons.
Consumers increasingly make purchases using smartphones and tablets.
Consumers interact with smart products (e.g., smart appliances, wearable devices) that offer enhanced functionality and convenience.
Consumers use social media and online communities to share feedback, ask questions, and engage with brands.
E-commerce platforms and retailers use algorithms to provide personalized product recommendations based on consumer browsing history and purchase behavior.