Zonation of Residential Areas

This section explores the distinct characteristics of different residential areas within a settlement. Residential areas are rarely uniform; instead, they often exhibit a pattern of zonation, where land use changes as you move away from the settlement centre. Understanding this zonation is crucial for analyzing urban development, social inequalities, and environmental impacts.

Key Concepts

Central Business District (CBD)

The heart of a settlement, typically characterized by high land values and intense land use.

Inner City/Established Residential Areas

Historically developed areas close to the CBD, often with a mix of housing types.

Suburban Residential Areas

Areas located further out from the city centre, typically characterized by detached houses and green spaces.

Outer Suburban/Greenfield Areas

The most recently developed residential areas, often on previously undeveloped land.

Characteristics of Different Residential Areas

Inner City/Established Residential Areas

• Housing: Mix of housing types - terraced houses, semi-detached houses, some flats. Often older buildings.
• Density: High population density.
• Amenities: Close proximity to shops, services, transport links, and employment opportunities.
• Social Mix: Often a diverse social mix, but can experience social segregation.
• Green Space: Limited green space.
• Traffic: High levels of traffic congestion.

Suburban Residential Areas

• Housing: Predominantly detached and semi-detached houses.
• Density: Lower population density compared to inner city areas.
• Amenities: Shops and services are often located within the suburb itself or easily accessible by car.
• Social Mix: Can be relatively homogenous in terms of social class.
• Green Space: More green space, including gardens and parks.
• Traffic: Reliance on private vehicles. Traffic can be heavy during peak hours.

Outer Suburban/Greenfield Areas

• Housing: Primarily new build detached houses, often with similar designs.
• Density: Very low population density.
• Amenities: Amenities are often located in nearby towns or retail parks.
• Social Mix: Often a more affluent social mix.
• Green Space: Significant green space, often planned as part of the development.
• Traffic: Heavy reliance on private vehicles. Significant road infrastructure development.

Table Summarising Residential Area Characteristics

Characteristic	Inner City	Suburban	Outer Suburban
Housing Type	Terraced, Semi-detached, Flats	Detached, Semi-detached	Detached (New Build)
Population Density	High	Medium	Low
Amenities	Close Proximity	Local & Accessible by Car	Nearby Towns/Retail Parks
Social Mix	Diverse, Potential Segregation	Relatively Homogenous	Often Affluent
Green Space	Limited	Moderate	Significant
Transport	Public Transport Focus	Mix of Public & Private	Primarily Private

Factors Influencing Residential Zonation

• Historical Development: The original layout and growth patterns of the settlement.
• Economic Factors: Land values, housing costs, and employment opportunities.
• Transport Infrastructure: The location of roads, railways, and public transport links.
• Planning Policies: Local and national planning regulations that influence housing development.
• Social Factors: Social preferences and lifestyle choices.
• Environmental Factors: Proximity to green spaces, pollution levels, and flood risk.

The zonation of residential areas is a dynamic process, constantly influenced by these factors. Changes in any of these areas can lead to shifts in the pattern of residential development.